Known for their distinctive white colour and friendly "smiles," belugas are among the most charismatic creatures of the Arctic waters. In this blog post, we list 10 interesting facts about these sociable mammals.
Social and Vocal
Beluga whales, known as "sea canaries," are incredibly social and the most vocal of all whale species, using a variety of clicks, whistles, and clangs to communicate.
Unique Anatomy
Unlike most cetaceans, belugas can turn their heads up, down and side-to-side, thanks to their unfused neck vertebrae
The white whale
The word 'beluga' comes from the Russian word 'bielo' meaning white. However, these white whales are born dark gray. It can take up to eight years before they turn completely white.
Camouflage
Adult belugas are distinctively white, which helps them blend in with the Arctic ice, a trait useful for evading predators.
Melon Manipulation
Belugas can change the shape of their "melon," a fatty organ on their forehead, which aids in echolocation and communication. This also allows them to make different facial expressions.
Diet
They primarily feed on fish, crustaceans, and worms, often hunting cooperatively using echolocation.
Adaptability
They lack a dorsal fin but have a dorsal ridge, which aids in breaking through ice to maintain breathing holes. They also have a thick layer of blubber that insulates them from the icy arctic waters.
Playful Nature
Belugas are very social animals and young belugas are especially playful, engaging in activities that help in their development and learning.
Good swimmers
Belugas have a streamlined body shape and a flexible neck, which allows them to maneuver easily in the water. They are capable of swimming both forward and backward. Beluga whales' dives may last up to 25 minutes and can reach depths of 800 meters.
Reproduction
Female belugas give birth every three years, with calves nursing for up to two years.
Belugas in Arctic waters
Svalbard: This archipelago is a prime spot for viewing belugas. The waters around Svalbard offer opportunities to see belugas during summer when the ice has melted sufficiently to allow boat navigation.
Greenland: While belugas are less frequently seen around Greenland compared to other locations, they are permanent residents of its cold waters. The summer months provide better chances as the ice retreats, making more areas accessible for whale watching.